星期五, 九月 08, 2006

从linux启动过程看问题的解决

我一直认为linux的各种问题应该是可以从它的启动过程中来发现解决办法的。
先是内核的启动,我机器的dmesg信息如下,(//后面的是我添加的注释)
[17179569.184000] Linux version 2.6.15-27-386 (buildd@terranova) (gcc version 4.0.3 (Ubuntu 4.0.3-1ubuntu5)) #1 PREEMPT Sat Sep 16 01:51:59 UTC 2006
[17179569.184000] BIOS-provided physical RAM map:
//bios提供了一个物理内存的映射图
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000000000 - 000000000009fc00 (usable)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 000000000009fc00 - 00000000000a0000 (reserved)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 00000000000f0000 - 0000000000100000 (reserved)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 0000000000100000 - 000000001fee0000 (usable)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 000000001fee0000 - 000000001fee3000 (ACPI NVS)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 000000001fee3000 - 000000001fef0000 (ACPI data)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 000000001fef0000 - 000000001ff00000 (reserved)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 00000000e0000000 - 00000000f0000000 (reserved)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fec00000 - 00000000fec01000 (reserved)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 00000000fee00000 - 00000000fee01000 (reserved)
[17179569.184000] BIOS-e820: 00000000ffff0000 - 0000000100000000 (reserved)
[17179569.184000] 0MB HIGHMEM available.
//检测到高速存储0MB
[17179569.184000] 510MB LOWMEM available.
//内存512M
[17179569.184000] found SMP MP-table at 000f50c0
[17179569.184000] On node 0 totalpages: 130784
[17179569.184000] DMA zone: 4096 pages, LIFO batch:0
[17179569.184000] DMA32 zone: 0 pages, LIFO batch:0
[17179569.184000] Normal zone: 126688 pages, LIFO batch:31
[17179569.184000] HighMem zone: 0 pages, LIFO batch:0
[17179569.184000] DMI 2.3 present.
//acpi高级电源管理
//我的主板芯片组:k8t890
[17179569.184000] ACPI: RSDP (v000 K8T890 ) @ 0x000f70e0
[17179569.184000] ACPI: RSDT (v001 K8T890 AWRDACPI 0x42302e31 AWRD 0x00000000) @ 0x1fee3040
[17179569.184000] ACPI: FADT (v001 K8T890 AWRDACPI 0x42302e31 AWRD 0x00000000) @ 0x1fee30c0
[17179569.184000] ACPI: MCFG (v001 K8T890 AWRDACPI 0x42302e31 AWRD 0x00000000) @ 0x1fee97c0
[17179569.184000] ACPI: MADT (v001 K8T890 AWRDACPI 0x42302e31 AWRD 0x00000000) @ 0x1fee9700
[17179569.184000] ACPI: DSDT (v001 K8T890 AWRDACPI 0x00001000 MSFT 0x0100000e) @ 0x00000000
[17179569.184000] ACPI: PM-Timer IO Port: 0x408
[17179569.184000] ACPI: Local APIC address 0xfee00000
[17179569.184000] ACPI: LAPIC (acpi_id[0x00] lapic_id[0x00] enabled)
[17179569.184000] Processor #0 15:15 APIC version 16
[17179569.184000] ACPI: LAPIC_NMI (acpi_id[0x00] high edge lint[0x1])
[17179569.184000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x02] address[0xfec00000] gsi_base[0])
[17179569.184000] IOAPIC[0]: apic_id 2, version 3, address 0xfec00000, GSI 0-23
[17179569.184000] ACPI: IOAPIC (id[0x03] address[0xfecc0000] gsi_base[24])
[17179569.184000] IOAPIC[1]: apic_id 3, version 3, address 0xfecc0000, GSI 24-47
[17179569.184000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 0 global_irq 2 dfl dfl)
[17179569.184000] ACPI: INT_SRC_OVR (bus 0 bus_irq 9 global_irq 9 low level)
[17179569.184000] ACPI: IRQ0 used by override.
[17179569.184000] ACPI: IRQ2 used by override.
[17179569.184000] ACPI: IRQ9 used by override.
[17179569.184000] Enabling APIC mode: Flat. Using 2 I/O APICs
[17179569.184000] Using ACPI (MADT) for SMP configuration information
[17179569.184000] Allocating PCI resources starting at 20000000 (gap: 1ff00000:c0100000)
[17179569.184000] Built 1 zonelists
//以上都是检测硬件的部分
[17179569.184000] Kernel command line: root=/dev/hdc3 ro quiet splash
//grub开始起作用了,将root设置在/dev/hdc3,
[17179569.184000] mapped APIC to ffffd000 (fee00000)
[17179569.184000] mapped IOAPIC to ffffc000 (fec00000)
[17179569.184000] mapped IOAPIC to ffffb000 (fecc0000)
[17179569.184000] Initializing CPU#0
[17179569.184000] PID hash table entries: 2048 (order: 11, 32768 bytes)
[17179569.184000] Detected 1799.999 MHz processor.
//检测到了我的amd1.8G处理器
[17179569.184000] Using pmtmr for high-res timesource
[17179569.184000] Console: colour VGA+ 80x25
//这也是grub里面指定的
[17179570.568000] Dentry cache hash table entries: 65536 (order: 6, 262144 bytes)
[17179570.568000] Inode-cache hash table entries: 32768 (order: 5, 131072 bytes)
[17179570.576000] Memory: 508084k/523136k available (1976k kernel code, 14412k reserved, 606k data, 288k init, 0k highmem)
[17179570.576000] Checking if this processor honours the WP bit even in supervisor mode... Ok.
[17179570.656000] Calibrating delay using timer specific routine.. 3604.03 BogoMIPS (lpj=7208074)
[17179570.656000] Security Framework v1.0.0 initialized
[17179570.656000] SELinux: Disabled at boot.
//SElinux没有启用,呵呵,有点不安全,如果要配置selinux:
// /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/*_context 默认的context设置
// /etc/selinux/targeted/contexts/files/* 精确的context类型划分
// /etc/selinux/targeted/policy/* 策略文件
[17179570.656000] Mount-cache hash table entries: 512
[17179570.656000] CPU: After generic identify, caps: 078bfbff e3d3fbff 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000001
[17179570.656000] CPU: After vendor identify, caps: 078bfbff e3d3fbff 00000000 00000000 00000001 00000000 00000001
[17179570.656000] CPU: L1 I Cache: 64K (64 bytes/line), D cache 64K (64 bytes/line)
[17179570.656000] CPU: L2 Cache: 512K (64 bytes/line)
//amd64的一二级缓存
[17179570.656000] CPU: After all inits, caps: 078bfbff e3d3fbff 00000000 00000410 00000001 00000000 00000001
[17179570.656000] mtrr: v2.0 (20020519)
[17179570.656000] CPU: AMD Athlon(tm) 64 Processor 3000+ stepping 00
[17179570.656000] Enabling fast FPU save and restore... done.
//浮点
[17179570.656000] Enabling unmasked SIMD FPU exception support... done.
[17179570.656000] Checking 'hlt' instruction... OK.
[17179570.672000] checking if image is initramfs... it is
[17179571.208000] Freeing initrd memory: 6617k freed
[17179571.220000] ACPI: Looking for DSDT ... not found!

[17179571.248000] ENABLING IO-APIC IRQs
[17179571.248000] ..TIMER: vector=0x31 apic1=0 pin1=2 apic2=-1 pin2=-1
[17179571.392000] NET: Registered protocol family 16
[17179571.392000] EISA bus registered
[17179571.392000] ACPI: bus type pci registered
[17179571.396000] PCI: PCI BIOS revision 3.00 entry at 0xfb7f0, last bus=6
[17179571.396000] PCI: Using MMCONFIG
[17179571.396000] ACPI: Subsystem revision 20051216
[17179571.404000] ACPI: Interpreter enabled
[17179571.404000] ACPI: Using IOAPIC for interrupt routing
[17179571.404000] ACPI: PCI Root Bridge [PCI0] (0000:00)
[17179571.404000] PCI: Probing PCI hardware (bus 00)
[17179571.408000] Boot video device is 0000:02:00.0
[17179571.408000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0._PRT]
[17179571.504000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.PEXG._PRT]
[17179571.504000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.PEX0._PRT]
[17179571.504000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.PEX1._PRT]
[17179571.504000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.PEX2._PRT]
[17179571.504000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Routing Table [\_SB_.PCI0.PEX3._PRT]
[17179571.504000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKA] (IRQs 3 4 6 7 *10 11 12)
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKB] (IRQs 3 4 6 7 10 *11 12)
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKC] (IRQs 3 4 6 7 10 *11 12)
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKD] (IRQs 3 4 6 7 10 11 12) *0, disabled.
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKE] (IRQs 3 4 6 7 10 11 12) *0, disabled.
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNKF] (IRQs 3 4 6 7 10 11 12) *0, disabled.
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNK0] (IRQs 3 4 6 7 10 11 12) *0, disabled.
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [LNK1] (IRQs 3 4 6 7 10 11 12) *5
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [ALKA] (IRQs *20)
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [ALKB] (IRQs *21)
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [ALKC] (IRQs *22)
[17179571.508000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [ALKD] (IRQs *23), disabled.
[17179571.512000] Linux Plug and Play Support v0.97 (c) Adam Belay
[17179571.512000] pnp: PnP ACPI init
[17179571.520000] pnp: PnP ACPI: found 14 devices
[17179571.520000] PnPBIOS: Disabled by ACPI PNP
[17179571.520000] PCI: Using ACPI for IRQ routing
[17179571.520000] PCI: If a device doesn't work, try "pci=routeirq". If it helps, post a report
[17179571.636000] pnp: 00:00: ioport range 0x400-0x47f could not be reserved
[17179571.636000] pnp: 00:00: ioport range 0x500-0x50f has been reserved
[17179571.636000] PCI: Bridge: 0000:00:01.0
[17179571.636000] IO window: 9000-9fff
[17179571.636000] MEM window: fd600000-fd6fffff
[17179571.636000] PREFETCH window: fd500000-fd5fffff
[17179571.636000] PCI: Bridge: 0000:00:02.0
[17179571.636000] IO window: e000-efff
[17179571.636000] MEM window: fd400000-fd4fffff
[17179571.636000] PREFETCH window: c0000000-cfffffff
[17179571.636000] PCI: Bridge: 0000:00:03.0
[17179571.636000] IO window: d000-dfff
[17179571.636000] MEM window: fde00000-fdefffff
[17179571.636000] PREFETCH window: fdd00000-fddfffff
[17179571.636000] PCI: Bridge: 0000:00:03.1
[17179571.636000] IO window: c000-cfff
[17179571.636000] MEM window: fdc00000-fdcfffff
[17179571.636000] PREFETCH window: fdb00000-fdbfffff
[17179571.636000] PCI: Bridge: 0000:00:03.2
[17179571.636000] IO window: b000-bfff
[17179571.636000] MEM window: fda00000-fdafffff
[17179571.636000] PREFETCH window: fd900000-fd9fffff
[17179571.636000] PCI: Bridge: 0000:00:03.3
[17179571.636000] IO window: a000-afff
[17179571.636000] MEM window: fd800000-fd8fffff
[17179571.636000] PREFETCH window: fd700000-fd7fffff
[17179571.636000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:01.0 to 64
[17179571.636000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:02.0[A] -> GSI 27 (level, low) -> IRQ 169
[17179571.636000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:02.0, from 5 to 9
[17179571.636000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:02.0 to 64
[17179571.636000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.0[A] -> GSI 31 (level, low) -> IRQ 177
[17179571.636000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:03.0, from 5 to 1
[17179571.636000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.0 to 64
[17179571.636000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.1[B] -> GSI 35 (level, low) -> IRQ 185
[17179571.636000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:03.1, from 5 to 9
[17179571.636000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.1 to 64
[17179571.636000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.2[C] -> GSI 39 (level, low) -> IRQ 193
[17179571.636000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:03.2, from 5 to 1
[17179571.636000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.2 to 64
[17179571.636000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.3[D] -> GSI 43 (level, low) -> IRQ 201
[17179571.636000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:03.3, from 5 to 9
[17179571.636000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.3 to 64
[17179571.636000] audit: initializing netlink socket (disabled)
[17179571.636000] audit(1158729777.636:1): initialized
[17179571.636000] VFS: Disk quotas dquot_6.5.1
[17179571.636000] Dquot-cache hash table entries: 1024 (order 0, 4096 bytes)
[17179571.636000] Initializing Cryptographic API
[17179571.636000] io scheduler noop registered
[17179571.636000] io scheduler anticipatory registered
[17179571.636000] io scheduler deadline registered
[17179571.636000] io scheduler cfq registered
[17179571.636000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:02.0[A] -> GSI 27 (level, low) -> IRQ 169
[17179571.636000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:02.0 to 64
[17179571.636000] assign_interrupt_mode Found MSI capability
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie00]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie01]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie03]
[17179571.640000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.0[A] -> GSI 31 (level, low) -> IRQ 177
[17179571.640000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.0 to 64
[17179571.640000] assign_interrupt_mode Found MSI capability
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie00]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie01]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie03]
[17179571.640000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.1[B] -> GSI 35 (level, low) -> IRQ 185
[17179571.640000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.1 to 64
[17179571.640000] assign_interrupt_mode Found MSI capability
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie00]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie01]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie03]
[17179571.640000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.2[C] -> GSI 39 (level, low) -> IRQ 193
[17179571.640000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.2 to 64
[17179571.640000] assign_interrupt_mode Found MSI capability
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie00]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie01]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie03]
[17179571.640000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:03.3[D] -> GSI 43 (level, low) -> IRQ 201
[17179571.640000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:03.3 to 64
[17179571.640000] assign_interrupt_mode Found MSI capability
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie00]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie01]
[17179571.640000] Allocate Port Service[pcie03]
[17179571.640000] isapnp: Scanning for PnP cards...
[17179571.992000] isapnp: No Plug & Play device found
[17179572.004000] PNP: PS/2 Controller [PNP0303:PS2K,PNP0f13:PS2M] at 0x60,0x64 irq 1,12
[17179572.004000] serio: i8042 AUX port at 0x60,0x64 irq 12
[17179572.004000] serio: i8042 KBD port at 0x60,0x64 irq 1
[17179572.004000] Serial: 8250/16550 driver $Revision: 1.90 $ 48 ports, IRQ sharing enabled
[17179572.004000] serial8250: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
[17179572.004000] serial8250: ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A
[17179572.004000] 00:07: ttyS0 at I/O 0x3f8 (irq = 4) is a 16550A
[17179572.004000] 00:08: ttyS1 at I/O 0x2f8 (irq = 3) is a 16550A
[17179572.004000] RAMDISK driver initialized: 16 RAM disks of 65536K size 1024 blocksize
[17179572.004000] Uniform Multi-Platform E-IDE driver Revision: 7.00alpha2
[17179572.004000] ide: Assuming 33MHz system bus speed for PIO modes; override with idebus=xx
[17179572.004000] mice: PS/2 mouse device common for all mice
[17179572.004000] EISA: Probing bus 0 at eisa.0
[17179572.004000] EISA: Detected 0 cards.
[17179572.004000] NET: Registered protocol family 2
[17179572.028000] input: AT Translated Set 2 keyboard as /class/input/input0
[17179572.048000] IP route cache hash table entries: 4096 (order: 2, 16384 bytes)
[17179572.048000] TCP established hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[17179572.048000] TCP bind hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
[17179572.048000] TCP: Hash tables configured (established 16384 bind 16384)
[17179572.048000] TCP reno registered
[17179572.048000] TCP bic registered
[17179572.048000] NET: Registered protocol family 1
[17179572.048000] NET: Registered protocol family 8
[17179572.048000] NET: Registered protocol family 20
[17179572.048000] Using IPI Shortcut mode
[17179572.048000] ACPI wakeup devices:
[17179572.048000] PCI0 USB0 USB1 USB2 USB3 USB4 USB5 USB6 USB7 AC97 PEXG PEX0 PEX1 PEX2 PEX3 UAR1
[17179572.048000] ACPI: (supports S0 S1 S4 S5)
[17179572.048000] Freeing unused kernel memory: 288k freed
[17179572.084000] vga16fb: initializing
[17179572.084000] vga16fb: mapped to 0xc00a0000
[17179572.212000] Console: switching to colour frame buffer device 80x25
[17179572.212000] fb0: VGA16 VGA frame buffer device
[17179573.360000] Capability LSM initialized
[17179573.384000] ACPI: Fan [FAN] (on)
[17179573.388000] ACPI: Thermal Zone [THRM] (30 C)
[17179573.804000] SCSI subsystem initialized
[17179573.804000] ACPI: bus type scsi registered
[17179573.804000] libata version 1.20 loaded.
[17179573.804000] sata_via 0000:00:0f.0: version 1.1
[17179573.804000] **** SET: Misaligned resource pointer: df9d8902 Type 07 Len 0
[17179573.808000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [ALKA] enabled at IRQ 20
[17179573.808000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:0f.0[B] -> Link [ALKA] -> GSI 20 (level, low) -> IRQ 66
[17179573.808000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:0f.0, from 11 to 2
[17179573.808000] sata_via 0000:00:0f.0: routed to hard irq line 2
[17179573.808000] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xFF00 ctl 0xFE02 bmdma 0xFB00 irq 66
[17179573.808000] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xFD00 ctl 0xFC02 bmdma 0xFB08 irq 66
[17179575.020000] scsi0 : sata_via
[17179576.236000] scsi1 : sata_via
[17179576.264000] VP_IDE: IDE controller at PCI slot 0000:00:0f.1
[17179576.264000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:0f.1[A] -> Link [ALKA] -> GSI 20 (level, low) -> IRQ 66
[17179576.264000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:0f.1, from 255 to 2
[17179576.264000] VP_IDE: chipset revision 6
[17179576.264000] VP_IDE: not 100% native mode: will probe irqs later
[17179576.264000] VP_IDE: VIA vt8237 (rev 00) IDE UDMA133 controller on pci0000:00:0f.1
[17179576.264000] ide0: BM-DMA at 0xfa00-0xfa07, BIOS settings: hda:pio, hdb:DMA
[17179576.264000] ide1: BM-DMA at 0xfa08-0xfa0f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd:pio
[17179576.264000] Probing IDE interface ide0...
[17179577.408000] hdb: BENQ DVD-ROM 16X, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
[17179577.464000] ide0 at 0x1f0-0x1f7,0x3f6 on irq 14
[17179577.464000] Probing IDE interface ide1...
[17179577.880000] hdc: WDC WD1200BB-88GUC0, ATA DISK drive
//我的硬盘
[17179578.552000] ide1 at 0x170-0x177,0x376 on irq 15
[17179578.584000] hdb: ATAPI 16X DVD-ROM drive, 512kB Cache, UDMA(33)
//光驱
[17179578.584000] Uniform CD-ROM driver Revision: 3.20
[17179578.596000] hdc: max request size: 1024KiB
[17179578.596000] hdc: 234441648 sectors (120034 MB) w/2048KiB Cache, CHS=16383/255/63, UDMA(100)
[17179578.600000] hdc: cache flushes supported
[17179578.600000] hdc: hdc1 hdc2 hdc3 hdc4 < hdc5 hdc6 hdc7 hdc8 hdc9 hdc10 hdc11 hdc12 >
[17179579.728000] usbcore: registered new driver usbfs
[17179579.732000] usbcore: registered new driver hub
[17179579.732000] USB Universal Host Controller Interface driver v2.3
[17179579.732000] **** SET: Misaligned resource pointer: dfb2cac2 Type 07 Len 0
[17179579.732000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [ALKB] enabled at IRQ 21
[17179579.732000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:10.0[A] -> Link [ALKB] -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 74
[17179579.732000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.0: UHCI Host Controller
[17179579.736000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.0: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 1
[17179579.736000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.0: irq 74, io base 0x0000f900
[17179579.736000] hub 1-0:1.0: USB hub found
[17179579.736000] hub 1-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[17179579.840000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:10.1[A] -> Link [ALKB] -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 74
[17179579.840000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.1: UHCI Host Controller
[17179579.840000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.1: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 2
[17179579.840000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.1: irq 74, io base 0x0000f800
[17179579.840000] hub 2-0:1.0: USB hub found
[17179579.840000] hub 2-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[17179579.944000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:10.2[B] -> Link [ALKB] -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 74
[17179579.944000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:10.2, from 11 to 10
[17179579.944000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.2: UHCI Host Controller
[17179579.944000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.2: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 3
[17179579.944000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.2: irq 74, io base 0x0000f700
[17179579.944000] hub 3-0:1.0: USB hub found
[17179579.944000] hub 3-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[17179580.048000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:10.3[B] -> Link [ALKB] -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 74
[17179580.048000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:10.3, from 11 to 10
[17179580.048000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.3: UHCI Host Controller
[17179580.048000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.3: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 4
[17179580.048000] uhci_hcd 0000:00:10.3: irq 74, io base 0x0000f600
[17179580.048000] hub 4-0:1.0: USB hub found
[17179580.048000] hub 4-0:1.0: 2 ports detected
[17179580.152000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:10.4[C] -> Link [ALKB] -> GSI 21 (level, low) -> IRQ 74
[17179580.152000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:10.4, from 11 to 10
[17179580.152000] ehci_hcd 0000:00:10.4: EHCI Host Controller
[17179580.152000] ehci_hcd 0000:00:10.4: new USB bus registered, assigned bus number 5
[17179580.152000] ehci_hcd 0000:00:10.4: irq 74, io mem 0xfdffe000
[17179580.152000] ehci_hcd 0000:00:10.4: USB 2.0 started, EHCI 1.00, driver 10 Dec 2004
[17179580.152000] hub 5-0:1.0: USB hub found
[17179580.152000] hub 5-0:1.0: 8 ports detected
[17179580.608000] Attempting manual resume
[17179580.656000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
[17179580.668000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17179587.376000] pci_hotplug: PCI Hot Plug PCI Core version: 0.5
[17179587.376000] shpchp: Standard Hot Plug PCI Controller Driver version: 0.4
[17179587.400000] Linux agpgart interface v0.101 (c) Dave Jones
[17179587.400000] agpgart: Detected AGP bridge 0
[17179587.404000] agpgart: AGP aperture is 128M @ 0xd8000000
[17179588.148000] r8169 Gigabit Ethernet driver 2.2LK loaded
[17179588.148000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:0b.0[A] -> GSI 16 (level, low) -> IRQ 82
[17179588.148000] eth0: Identified chip type is 'RTL8169s/8110s'.
//网卡
[17179588.148000] eth0: RTL8169 at 0xe086e000, 00:30:18:10:0a:b0, IRQ 82
[17179588.552000] parport: PnPBIOS parport detected.
[17179588.552000] parport0: PC-style at 0x378, irq 7 [PCSPP,TRISTATE]
[17179588.564000] input: PC Speaker as /class/input/input1
[17179588.580000] r8169: eth0: link down
[17179588.596000] Real Time Clock Driver v1.12
[17179588.612000] FDC 0 is a post-1991 82077
[17179588.896000] **** SET: Misaligned resource pointer: dc3e5d02 Type 07 Len 0
[17179588.896000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt Link [ALKC] enabled at IRQ 22
[17179588.896000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:00:11.5[C] -> Link [ALKC] -> GSI 22 (level, low) -> IRQ 90
[17179588.896000] PCI: Via IRQ fixup for 0000:00:11.5, from 11 to 10
[17179588.896000] PCI: Setting latency timer of device 0000:00:11.5 to 64
[17179589.192000] input: ImPS/2 Generic Wheel Mouse as /class/input/input2
[17179589.212000] ts: Compaq touchscreen protocol output
[17179589.736000] lp0: using parport0 (interrupt-driven).
[17179589.800000] NET: Registered protocol family 17
[17179589.832000] Adding 522072k swap on /dev/hdc7. Priority:-1 extents:1 across:522072k
[17179589.832000] Adding 530104k swap on /dev/hdc8. Priority:-2 extents:1 across:530104k
[17179589.988000] r8169: eth0: link up
//下面要处理我的文件系统了
[17179589.992000] EXT3 FS on hdc3, internal journal
[17179590.116000] md: md driver 0.90.3 MAX_MD_DEVS=256, MD_SB_DISKS=27
[17179590.116000] md: bitmap version 4.39
[17179590.680000] device-mapper: 4.4.0-ioctl (2005-01-12) initialised: dm-devel@redhat.com
[17179593.660000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17179593.660000] EXT3 FS on hdc9, internal journal
[17179593.660000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
[17179593.696000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17179593.696000] EXT3 FS on hdc12, internal journal
[17179593.696000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
[17179593.752000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17179593.752000] EXT3 FS on hdc10, internal journal
[17179593.752000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
[17179593.788000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17179593.788000] EXT3 FS on hdc1, internal journal
[17179593.788000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
[17179593.884000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17179593.884000] EXT3 FS on hdc5, internal journal
[17179593.884000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
[17179593.952000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17179593.952000] EXT3 FS on hdc6, internal journal
[17179593.952000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
[17179593.980000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17179593.980000] EXT3 FS on hdc2, internal journal
[17179593.980000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
//网络
[17179597.488000] CSLIP: code copyright 1989 Regents of the University of California
[17179597.504000] PPP generic driver version 2.4.2
[17179597.844000] NET: Registered protocol family 10
[17179597.844000] lo: Disabled Privacy Extensions
[17179597.844000] IPv6 over IPv4 tunneling driver
[17179605.568000] ACPI: Power Button (FF) [PWRF]
[17179605.568000] ACPI: Power Button (CM) [PWRB]
[17179605.648000] ibm_acpi: ec object not found
[17179605.676000] pcc_acpi: loading...
//amd的powernow
[17179606.108000] powernow-k8: Found 1 AMD Athlon 64 / Opteron processors (version 1.50.4)
[17179606.108000] powernow-k8: 0 : fid 0xa (1800 MHz), vid 0x6 (1400 mV)
[17179606.108000] powernow-k8: 1 : fid 0x2 (1000 MHz), vid 0x12 (1100 mV)
[17179606.108000] cpu_init done, current fid 0xa, vid 0x6
[17179608.380000] eth0: no IPv6 routers present
[17179611.820000] ip_tables: (C) 2000-2002 Netfilter core team
//ati显卡驱动
[17179611.840000] fglrx: module license 'Proprietary. (C) 2002 - ATI Technologies, Starnberg, GERMANY' taints kernel.
[17179611.844000] [fglrx] Maximum main memory to use for locked dma buffers: 431 MBytes.
[17179611.844000] [fglrx] module loaded - fglrx 8.25.18 [May 18 2006] on minor 0
[17179611.872000] ACPI: PCI Interrupt 0000:02:00.0[A] -> GSI 24 (level, low) -> IRQ 98
[17179611.940000] Netfilter messages via NETLINK v0.30.
[17179612.060000] ip_conntrack version 2.4 (4087 buckets, 32696 max) - 232 bytes per conntrack
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] total GART = 67108864
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] free GART = 51118080
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] max single GART = 51118080
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] total LFB = 126808064
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] free LFB = 116322304
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] max single LFB = 116322304
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] total Inv = 0
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] free Inv = 0
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] max single Inv = 0
[17179613.168000] [fglrx] total TIM = 0
[17179664.928000] ISO 9660 Extensions: Microsoft Joliet Level 3
[17179665.184000] ISOFS: changing to secondary root
[17179672.264000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.1 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=350 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=33925 PROTO=UDP SPT=1901 DPT=32768 LEN=330
[17180173.368000] kjournald starting. Commit interval 5 seconds
[17180173.368000] EXT3 FS on hdc11, internal journal
[17180173.368000] EXT3-fs: mounted filesystem with ordered data mode.
//下面网卡在忙什么???
[17180459.304000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=216.239.53.91 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=1470 TOS=0x10 PREC=0x00 TTL=52 ID=16514 PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=48784 WINDOW=8848 RES=0x00 ACK URGP=0
[17180511.432000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=216.239.53.91 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=732 TOS=0x10 PREC=0x00 TTL=52 ID=45316 PROTO=TCP SPT=80 DPT=48856 WINDOW=8848 RES=0x00 ACK PSH URGP=0
[17180615.700000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=219.133.49.191 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=92 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=55 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=8000 DPT=32797 LEN=72
[17180622.100000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=219.133.49.191 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=92 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=55 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=8000 DPT=32797 LEN=72
[17181490.112000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.1 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=350 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=38489 PROTO=UDP SPT=1901 DPT=32806 LEN=330
[17191095.860000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=192.168.1.1 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=350 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=64 ID=62639 PROTO=UDP SPT=1901 DPT=32908 LEN=330
[17207911.576000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=58.60.14.54 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=92 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=54 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=8000 DPT=32952 LEN=72
[17207913.688000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=58.60.14.54 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=92 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=54 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=8000 DPT=32952 LEN=72
[17208305.948000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=58.60.14.54 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=92 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=54 ID=0 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=8000 DPT=32952 LEN=72
[17215438.580000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.44.161 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=49829 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33200 LEN=40
[17215448.820000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.44.166 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=62561 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33200 LEN=40
[17215458.916000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.44.164 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=17993 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33202 LEN=40
[17215458.920000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.44.164 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=17994 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33202 LEN=40
[17215478.924000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.44.161 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=49831 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33204 LEN=40
[17215478.924000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.44.161 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=49830 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33204 LEN=40
[17215493.964000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.24.86 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=248 ID=38869 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33204 LEN=40
[17215493.964000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.24.86 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=248 ID=38870 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33204 LEN=40
[17215498.964000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.44.165 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=27423 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33205 LEN=40
[17215508.996000] Inbound IN=eth0 OUT= MAC=00:30:18:10:0a:b0:00:14:78:ad:7c:60:08:00 SRC=202.103.44.164 DST=192.168.1.100 LEN=60 TOS=0x00 PREC=0x00 TTL=249 ID=17995 DF PROTO=UDP SPT=53 DPT=33205 LEN=40
//这样应该就要启动一个init进程了吧。
知道内核启动完成后启动init进程就可以了。一个可以使用的linux系统是通过一整套配置文件来启动的,init进程使用/etc/inittab作为其配置文件,从里面可以看出来,它先是读取该文件定义的运行级别,然后根据下面的运行级别的配置来启动东西的。
运行级别配置里面又用到了 .rc的内容。它将相应的rc文件启动了后就打开相应的终端。
终端完成后就是启动x了。


我现在对x一块还不是很了解,但可以知道的问题一般都出现在 x上,因为对于一般用户x问题比较致命,我以为

从linux启动过程看问题的解决

我一直认为linux的各种问题应该是可以从它的启动过程中来发现解决办法的。
grub和内核就不用说了,知道内核启动完成后启动init进程就可以了。一个可以使用的linux系统是通过一整套配置文件来启动的,init进程使用/etc/inittab作为其配置文件,从里面可以看出来,它先是读取该文件定义的运行级别,然后根据下面的运行级别的配置来启动东西的。
运行级别配置里面又用到了 .rc的内容。它将相应的rc文件启动了后就打开相应的终端。
终端完成后就是启动x了。


我现在对x一块还不是很了解,但可以知道的问题一般都出现在 x上,因为对于一般用户x问题比较致命,我以为

freehust

freehust

javascript ,css和那个div还是有点不明白

javascript ,css和那个div还是有点不明白。用起来感觉有点麻烦。
终于意识到建立网站的复杂性了,要学php,html, css, dom,javascript,这个学期又有计算机图形学的课,如果不学c++的话就要学python来开发3d了,,,,
哎,路漫漫其修远啊。。。。

帕格尼尼

今天听了一下Paganini的“for violin and guitar"很是华美。
帕格尼尼这个人比较有意思,一个据说是用自己的灵魂和魔鬼交换了小提琴技艺的人,写有着著名的“魔鬼的笑声”。这样一个小提琴高手不幸诞生在尚无录音机的1780年代,让我们无缘欣赏其高超的技艺,这样一个小提琴高手又有幸地诞生在尚无录音机的1780年代,从此世界上再无人可以妄想超越他。
让我注意他的居然是他的名字,就像我记住了达达尼昂一样,这样的重复字太让人容易记忆了,看来我早该也弄个这样的名字的,呵呵